鐭充經鍍?/title> <link>//yahzi.cn/tags141.html</link> <description/> <language>zh-hans</language> <item> <title>浜氭床鑹烘湳鍗氱墿棣嗙殑涓浗浣涘儚 //yahzi.cn/xunbao/xb20180324-119.html <span>亚洲艺术åšç‰©é¦†çš„中国佛åƒ</span> <span><span lang="" about="//yahzi.cn/users/user27.html" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="" xml:lang="">曑ֺ†å³?lt;/span></span> <span>周六, 03/24/2018 - 11:36</span> <p><span><span>¾ŸŽå›½æ—§é‡‘å±×ƒºš‹z²è‰ºæœ¯åšç‰©é¦†æ”¶è—的中国佛教造åƒè®¡æœ‰ä¸ƒåä½™å°Šã€‚ä¾æ®é€ åƒæè´¨çš„ä¸åŒï¼Œæœ‰é‡‘铜ã€çŸ³åˆ…R€é™¶ç“·åŠçŽ‰æœ¨ä¹‹åˆ†ã€‚å…¶ä¸­ä»¥çŸ›_ˆ»é€ åƒå±…多åQŒæ—¶ä»£ç‰¹å¾æ˜Žæ˜¾ï¼Œä¸”ä¸ä¹ç²¾å“ã€?lt;/span></span></p> <img alt="1" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="8d56e84f-fcaa-4a1d-9c3d-c03b52b7c96a" src="//res.yahzi.cn/images/inline/e/fa371a2ae1d43077.jpg?x-oss-process=style/zhengwentupianzhai" class="align-center" /><p><span>大势臌™©è¨å¤´åƒï¼Œå“å ‚å±ÞqŸ³½HŸï¼ŒåŒ—é½åQŒçŸ³ç°å²©</span></p> <img alt="1" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="03ff2725-a0ab-4219-b233-cd507149c47b" src="//res.yahzi.cn/images/inline/e/675ff9e22cf6d3fa.jpg?x-oss-process=style/zhengwentupianzhai" class="align-center" /><p><span>佛头åƒï¼Œé¾™é—¨çŸ³çªŸåQŒå”代,¾U¦å…¬å…?00-750òqß_¼ŒçŸ³ç°å²?lt;/span></p> <p><span>˜q™äº›çŸ›_ˆ»åƒï¼Œé™¤ä¸€ž®Šå¤–åQŒåŽŸéƒ½æ˜¯èŠåŠ å“¥çŸ¥åæ”¶è—家布äëu戴奇(Avery Brundage)的旧è—,äº?0世纪60òq´ä»£æèµ ¾l™äº†æ—§é‡‘å±×ƒºš‹z²è‰ºæœ¯åšç‰©é¦†ã€?lt;/span></p> <p><span>佛教艺术最晚至东汉åQˆå…¬å…?5òq?220òqß_¼‰ž®±å·²åœ¨ä¸­å›½æµä¼ ï¼Œå››å·½{‰åœ°å‘现的铜钱树和摩崖石åˆÖM¸Šéƒ½æ›¾æ‰‘Öˆ°˜q‡ä½›åƒã€‚这些佛åƒçš„造型风格å—çŠé™€¾|—佛教艺术(GandharaåQŒä»Šå·´åŸºæ–¯å¦å’Œé˜¿å¯Œæ±—一带,其佛教艺术是希腊和å°åº¦é£Žæ ÆDžåˆçš„产物åQ‰çš„å½±å“。旧金山亚洲艺术åšç‰©é¦†ï¼ˆä»¥ä¸‹½Ž€¿UîCºšåšï¼‰æ”¶è—的一座éŽé‡‘铜佛ååƒå¯è°“是˜q™ç±»æ—©æœŸä½›åƒçš„ä»£è¡¨ã€‚è¯¥åƒæŸå‘,高肉髻,施禅定å°åQŒé€šè‚©è¢ˆè£ŸåQŒæœ‰åŽšå®žçš„U形衣¾UV€‚这些皆是çŠé™€¾|—佛教造åƒçš„基本特å¾ï¼Œä½†ä½›çš„é¢ç›¸å·²ä¸æ˜¯çŠé™€¾|—的高éËEæ·Þq›®åQŒè€Œæ›´åƒåŒ—方的蒙å¤äººã€‚è¿™ž®Šä½›åƒä¹Ÿæ˜¯çŽ°å­˜æœ€æ—©æœ‰¾Uªå¹´çš„中国佛åƒï¼ˆå…¬å…ƒ338òqß_¼‰ã€‚éšç€æ—‰™—´çš„æŽ¨¿U»ï¼Œä½›åƒä»Žå¼•入到被汉化,在塑造风æ ég¸Šä¸Žä¸­å›½çš„å®¡ç¾Žè§‚ä¸æ–­èžæ±‡ã€åˆ›æ–ŽÍ¼Œé€ å°±äº†ä¸­å›½ä½›æ•™è‰ºæœ¯çš„独特™ì…力ã€?lt;/span></p> <p><span>旧金å±×ƒºšåšæ”¶è—的中国佛教造åƒè®¡æœ‰ä¸ƒåä½™å°Šã€‚ä¾æ®é€ åƒæè´¨çš„ä¸åŒï¼Œæœ‰é‡‘铜ã€çŸ³åˆ…R€é™¶ç“·åŠçŽ‰æœ¨ä¹‹åˆ†ã€‚å…¶ä¸­ä»¥çŸ›_ˆ»é€ åƒå±…多åQŒæ—¶ä»£ç‰¹å¾æ˜Žæ˜¾ï¼Œä¸”ä¸ä¹ç²¾å“。本文在此拟选数件石刻造åƒä½œä¸€½Ž€å•介¾l。这些石åˆÕdƒåŽŸéƒ½æ˜¯èŠåŠ å“¥çŸ¥åæ”¶è—家布伦戴奇的旧è—åQŒäºŽ20世纪60òq´ä»£æèµ ¾l™äº†äºšåšã€?lt;/span></p> <img alt="1" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="f2a3a72e-bf0f-403d-8b65-74106083bb81" src="//res.yahzi.cn/images/inline/e/e083df73a33304b9.jpg?x-oss-process=style/zhengwentupianzhai" class="align-center" /><p><span>佛三ž®Šç«‹åƒï¼ŒåŒ—é­åQŒå…¬å…?33òq?lt;/span></p> <p><strong>北æœé€ åƒ¼„?lt;/strong></p> <p><span>4è‡?世纪的å—åŒ—æœæ˜¯ä¸­å›½ä½›æ•™é€ åƒçš„å¯è’™å’Œé»„金时代åQŒå°¤ä»¥åˆ¶ä½œç²¾¾ŸŽçš„北æœé€ åƒé—Õd于世。北™ì晚期佛åƒé€ åž‹å·²æ˜¾æˆè§„åQŒè¡¨çŽîCØ“íw¯ä½“­‘‹åã^æ¿çжåQŒçº¿æ¡æ¦‚æ‹¬ã€æ´—¾lƒï¼Œåˆå¯Œè£…饰性,加上长眉ã€ç»†çœ¼åŠæŠ¿å”‡å¾®ç¬‘çš„è„¸ç›¸ï¼Œ‹z‹æº¢ç€ä¸€¿Uæ—¢åº„ä¸¥åˆæ¸…¿U€çš„审¾ŸŽå“呟뀂馆è—的佛三ž®Šç«‹åƒæ˜¯˜q™ä¸€æ—¶æœŸé€ åƒ¼„‘作å“的典范ã€?lt;/span></p> <img alt="1" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="90f3f333-f847-44a3-94b9-aab4bbe1e1bc" src="//res.yahzi.cn/images/inline/e/8cad88db709e9191.jpg?x-oss-process=style/zhengwentupianzhai" class="align-center" /><p><span>佛三ž®Šç«‹åƒï¼ˆå±€éƒ¨ï¼‰â€”—中心圈是佛的头光,内有莲花ç“?lt;/span></p> <p><span>石碑正é¢é›•一佛二è©è¨åQŒè©è¨è„šè¾ÒŽœ‰æŠ¤æ³•ç‹®å­åQŒçްåªå‰©ŒD‹ä½“。佛和è©è¨é¢ç›¸æ¸…瘦,íw«èº¯ä¿®é•¿åQŒå¤´éƒ¨å’Œæ‰‹è„š˜q‘似圆雕åQŒä½›è£…则以高‹¹…æÕQ雕展½CÞZ¸åŒå±‚‹Æ¡ã€‚如佛èín上的汉化褒衣åšå¸¦å¼è¢ˆè£Ÿå’Œè¡£è£™è„šéƒ¨é‡å è¡£è¤¶çš„造型。他们èínåŽæ˜¯ç«ç„°å½¢å¤§èƒŒå…‰åQŒä¸Šé¢ç”¨å‡åœ°é˜›_ˆ»å’Œé˜´åˆÀL‰‹æ³•由中心å‘外ç”Õd‡ºäº”个装饰圈。中心圈是佛的头光,内有莲花瓣;æ—圈里是˜q‡åŽ»ä¸ƒä½›åQ›å†å¤–圈有六íw«é£žå¤©çޝ¾l•,上部有一人åÅž¼œžå…½™å¶ä¸€é¦™ç‚‰åQŒé£žå¤©æˆ–æŒèŽ²è‹žã€é¦™ç†å’Œä¹å™¨åQŒå§¿æ€é£˜é€¸æ¸…扬;在此圈的ž®–头部分åˆç”»å‡ºç¬¬å››åœˆåQŒå†…å«ä¸€ä½›åƒåQŒç¦…定趺å于莲花å®åñ”上,侧èƒä¸¤ä¸ªé£žå¤©åQ›æœ€å¤–圈是飞动的ç«ç„°å›¾æ¡ˆã€?lt;/span></p> <img alt="1" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="0825aa13-2bef-4a92-9ec6-06c5622ff2fc" src="//res.yahzi.cn/images/inline/e/4ed6982eea224988.jpg?x-oss-process=style/zhengwentupianzhai" class="align-center" /><p><span>佛三ž®Šç«‹åƒï¼ˆå±€éƒ¨ï¼‰â€”—最外圈飞动的ç«ç„°å›¾æ¡?lt;/span></p> <p><span>äº”ä¸ªè£…é¥°åœˆä¸­é¢˜ææŽ’列紧凑åQŒçº¿æ¡æ¸…æ™°æµç•…,为石¼„‘è¥é€ äº†ä¸€¿U佛国世界的æžä¹æ°›å›´ã€‚åã^é¢çš„åˆÈ”»è£…饰在此ä¸ä»…是æˆåŠŸçš„èƒŒæ™¯é™ªè¡¬åQŒæ›´å’Œé™è°§çš„ä½›åƒå½¢æˆç‹¬åˆ°çš„视觉对比。石¼„‘的下方åˆÀLœ‰å…­ä½ä¾›å…»äººï¼Œæˆ´å®˜å¸½ç››è£…ç¿©¾˜©ç«‹äºŽåŽç›–之下。他们三äºÞZ¸€¾l„,分立左å³åQŒé¢æœæ­£ä¸­ï¼Œå†…有一人åÅž¼œžå…½ä¸Šé¡¶é¦™ç‚‰ã€?lt;/span></p> <img alt="1" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="a84a65f7-a228-4857-919b-7c1f770fe86f" src="//res.yahzi.cn/images/inline/e/43d78a3e8b0fa1dd.jpg?x-oss-process=style/zhengwentupianzhai" class="align-center" /><p><span>佛三ž®Šç«‹åƒï¼ˆå±€éƒ¨ï¼‰â€”—石¼„‘下方的六ä½ä¾›å…»äº?lt;/span></p> <p><span>铭文昄¡¤ºä»–们多属于è™næ°å®¶æ—。整个石¼„‘题æé½å…¨ï¼Œè£…é¥°æŠ€æ³•å¤šæ øP¼ŒåˆÈ”»¾_¾è‡´åQŒé›†åŒ—é­æ™šæœŸé€ åƒ¼„‘æž„å›ùN€ åž‹ä¹‹å¤§æˆã€?lt;/span></p> <img alt="1" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="774320e7-bd81-4dcb-89ea-24c94d6d4240" src="//res.yahzi.cn/images/inline/e/ef7f0869e2fea6b2.jpg?x-oss-process=style/zhengwentupianzhai" class="align-center" /><p><span>彩绘佛三ž®Šç«‹åƒï¼Œä¸œé­åQŒçŸ³ç°å²©</span></p> <p><span>北é­ä¹‹åŽçš„东™ì政æƒäº²é™„汉文化åQŒåšg¾l­çš„北é½çŽ‹æœä¹Ÿå®žä¸ºæ±‰å»—÷€‚这一时期的佛教造åƒå‘ˆçް凸™¿›ä¸€æ­¥æ±‰åŒ–的特å¾ã€‚造åƒè„”R¢Šè¾ƒå‰æœŸä¸°æ»¡ï¼Œíw¯å¹²¾U¿æ¡ä¹Ÿæ¸­‘‹æŸ”å’Œã€?lt;/span></p> <img alt="1" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="4ef61696-82c8-449d-b649-860f73a4b94e" src="//res.yahzi.cn/images/inline/e/52dca8d26c957601.jpg?x-oss-process=style/zhengwentupianzhai" class="align-center" /><p><span>佛三ž®Šç«‹åƒï¼ŒåŒ—é½åQŒçŸ³ç°å²©</span></p> <p><span>æ¼”åŒ–åˆ°åŒ—é½æ—¶åQŒè„¸å½¢å˜åœ†ï¼Œä¸°å”‡æ»¡é¢ŠåQŒè‚¢ä½“开始有立体感。馆è—一ž®Šé€ åƒé€šè¿‡å¯¹è…¹éƒ¨è¡£è£…穿戴和肉体质感的细节æ¾l˜ï¼Œå映了北é½é€ åƒå¯¹è‡ªç„‰™£Žæ ¼çš„˜q½æ±‚ã€?lt;/span></p> <img alt="1" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="600e9d22-6d7e-40a7-bb2f-6875e365673c" src="//res.yahzi.cn/images/inline/e/3136153423d761b0.jpg?x-oss-process=style/zhengwentupianzhai" class="align-center" /><p><span>佛造僼„‘,襉K­åQŒå…¬å…?49òqß_¼ŒçŸ³ç°å²?lt;/span></p> <p><span>馆è—的西™ì石¼„‘集两ç§é€ åƒ¼„‘弿 ·äºŽä¸€ä½“,å›_Œé¢æ•°å±‚佛龛å¼å’Œåƒä½›ç¢‘å¼ã€‚石¼„‘æ­£é¢æ˜¯ä¸‰æ®µå¼æž„图。上ŒD는¨å‡åœ°é˜›_ˆ»åŠ é˜´åˆÈš„æŠ€æ³•刻ç”Õd‡º¾l´æ‘©è¯˜å±…士和文殊è©è¨è®ºæ³•图。äh物刻ç”ȧ€éª¨æ¸…风,颇有™ì晋å士风æµä¹‹éŸµã€?lt;/span></p> <img alt="1" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="8756a92f-5fad-4fcf-ae77-76a44ea7defc" src="//res.yahzi.cn/images/inline/e/74b828884b28a745.jpg?x-oss-process=style/zhengwentupianzhai" class="align-center" /><p><span>佛造僼„?æ­£é¢å±€éƒ?——摩诘居士和文殊è©è¨è®ºæ³•图,人物åˆÈ”»é¢‡æœ‰™ì晋å士风æµä¹‹éŸµã€?lt;/span></p> <p><span>中段是主龛,龛中有高‹¹…æÕQ雕的一å佛二è©è¨äºŒå¼Ÿå­¾l„åˆåQŒä¸Šæœ‰é£žå¤©å›žæ—‹ã€‚äh物较圆润的脸形和装饰¾Jå¤çš„æ‚¬è£³ä½›åº§ï¼Œæ˜¯è¿™ä¸€æ—¶æœŸçš„典型特å¾ã€‚下ŒDµé˜´åˆÕd…«ä½ä¾›å…ÖMh以åŠé¢˜è®°å’Œå‘愿文。石¼„‘的背é¢åœ¨ä¸­å¿ƒé›•有一龛,内有一佛二è©è¨ç«‹åƒåQŒä¸Šæœ‰å二尊ž®å佛,下有题记ã€?lt;/span></p> <img alt="1" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="98d88458-6a71-4343-9a27-4b2d2d5786fd" src="//res.yahzi.cn/images/inline/e/ea88344f965b5698.jpg?x-oss-process=style/zhengwentupianzhai" class="align-center" /><p><span>佛造僼„?背é¢)</span></p> <p><span>石碑的侧é¢ä¹ŸåˆÀLœ‰ž®å佛和题记。造碑供奉¼œˆæ„¿æ˜¯ä½›æ•™å¾’修行之ä‹D。众多题记和ž®ä½›åƒå°è¯äº†æ­¤ç¢‘ä¹ƒäØ“å±Þp¥¿å¤ªåã^地区一¾Ÿ¤ä¿¡å¥‰è€…集资刻造,òq¶è®°å½•äº†é€ åƒæ—‰™—´ã€‚造僼„‘铭文由此也æˆäؓ了研½I¶ä½›æ•™è‰ºæœ¯çš„çè´µå²æ–™ã€?lt;/span></p> <img alt="1" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="3e619a9d-3401-415b-960e-8700cb94722d" src="//res.yahzi.cn/images/inline/e/e63494daa9fb702a.jpg?x-oss-process=style/zhengwentupianzhai" class="align-center" /><p><span>交脚弥勒è©è¨åƒï¼ŒåŒ—é­åQŒå…¬å…?世纪åQŒçŸ³ç°å²©</span></p> <p><strong>弥勒åƒå’Œ6è‡?世纪的佛åƒ?lt;/strong></p> <p><span>åŒ—æœæ˜¯å×I勒信仰盛行的时期。å×Iå‹’åƒåœ¨ä¸­å›½æœ‰è©è¨å½¢å’Œå¦‚æ¥å½¢ï¼ˆå³é‡Š˜q¦ç‰Ÿž®¼åÅžåQ‰ä¸¤¿U,是å×I勒在çŽîC¸–修行è©è¨é“å’ŒåŽæ¥ž®†ç‘ô扉K‡Š˜q¦ç‰Ÿž®¼æˆä¸ºæœªæ¥ä½›çš„åŞ象写照。è©è¨åÅžå¼¥å‹’ä¸»è¦æ˜¯è¡¨çްå×I勒在其居ä½çš„兜率天宫修行说法的情景。这时的弥勒½I¿è©è¨è£…åQŒæˆ´å®å† ç’ŽçžåQŒæœ‰ä¸¤è„šäº¤å‰è€Œå之åƒåQ›ä¹Ÿæœ‰å³æ‰‹æŒ‡è„”R¢ŠåQŒå·¦è„šä¸‹åž‚æˆåŠè·­‘ºåçš„æ€ç»´å¼¥å‹’åƒ? 表示在等待下生的å姿。如æ¥åÅžå¼¥å‹’æ˜¯æŒ‡å…¶ä¸‹ç”Ÿå‡¡ç•Œåœ¨é¾™åŽæ ‘下¾l§æ‰¿å¦‚æ¥ä¹‹åŽçš„状æ€ï¼ŒåÏxœªæ¥ä½›åQŒå…¶å½¢è±¡é‚与释迦牟尼åƒç›¸ä¼¹{€?lt;/span></p> <img alt="1" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="1c0b6903-ebdb-45f5-8553-1c64ed7b1799" src="//res.yahzi.cn/images/inline/e/6f7d63418aad91a6.jpg?x-oss-process=style/zhengwentupianzhai" class="align-center" /><p><span>åŠè·­‘ºæ€ç»´å¼¥å‹’è©è¨åƒï¼ŒåŒ—é½åQŒå…¬å…?51òqß_¼Œå¤§ç†çŸ?lt;/span></p> <p><span>馆è—的交脚å×I勒戴高冠åQŒä»¥é«˜æŒ‘的细眉,眯ç¼çš„笑眼和¼œžç§˜çš„æŠ¿å”‡å¾®½W‘䨓é¢ç›¸ã€‚èíníw¯æ¸…瘦颀长,帔帛盖åŒè‚©åœ¨è…¹ä¸‹ç›æ€º¤äºŽä¸€åœ†åŞ璧饰。è©è¨å·¦æ‰‹ä¸‹åž‚,æ¡ä½å·¦ä¾§å¸”帛åQŒå³æ‰‹ä½œæ— ç•å°ã€‚衣裙轻薄脓体,衣纹åˆÈ”»äº¤å é‡å¤åQŒçº¿æ¡å¯¹¿U°æµç•…。法国巴黎剾ŸŽåšç‰©é¦†è—有一ž®Šå¸¦¾Uªå¹´çš„石ç°å²©å¼¥å‹’造åƒåQˆå…¬å…?09òqß_¼‰åQŒç¥žæ€ã€æ°”韵å‡ç›æ€¼¼åQŒäº¦å¯ä½œä¸ø™¿™ž®Šåƒçš„æ—¶ä»£å€Ÿé‰´ã€?lt;/span></p> <img alt="1" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="16c51268-e6b6-426d-8075-93acb7b7afad" src="//res.yahzi.cn/images/inline/e/81eeef1504e8bea0.jpg?x-oss-process=style/zhengwentupianzhai" class="align-center" /><p><span>弥勒佛åƒåQŒå”代,公元675òqß_¼ŒçŸ³ç°å²?lt;/span></p> <p><span>é¦†è—æ€ç»´å¼¥å‹’åƒè™½˜q用æˆè§„的造僼„‘æ ¼å¼å’Œæž„图åQŒä½†è®¾è®¡åˆ¶ä½œåˆ«å…·ä¸€æ ¹{€‚用镂空技法雕å‡ÞZ¸€åº­å›­èƒŒæ™¯åQŒäؓ白色的大ç†çŸ³ä½œå“更增æ·ÖMº†ä¸€¿U清新和è½È›ˆçš„视觉效果。å×I勒左脚踩莲åñ”åQŒåŠè·è¶ºå于两棵大树之间。树òq²æœ‰é¾™ç›˜¾l•,两树æžå¶ç›¸ç¼ æž„æˆåœ†æ‹±å½¢èƒŒå±ï¼Œåˆæœ‰å››é£žå¤©ç°‡æ‹¥ä¸€æ–¹å¡”于中央。这些细节是弥勒¾l典形象的æ¾l˜ï¼Œå¼¥å‹’åœ¨é¾™åŽæ ‘下æˆä½›ï¼Œæ–¹å¡”å³é‡Š˜q¦ç‰Ÿž®¼çš„èˆåˆ©å¡”。莲座和方塔象å¾å¼¥å‹’是释˜q¦ä½›çš„ç‘ô承äh。å×I勒脸形方圆,戴头冠和璎çžåQŒèº¯òq²å’Œå››è‚¢åˆ†æ˜ŽåQŒè‚©è‡‚åœ†æ¶¦ï¼Œè–„è£™è´´ä½“ã€‚ä¸¤æ—æœ‰èƒä¾è©è¨åQŒè…¹éƒ¨å‰å‡¸ï¼Œä¸€è…¿ä¾§ç«‹ï¼Œè†ç›–略弯åQŒä½œ½Eæ¯ç«™åŠ¿åQŒå¼€å¯äº†åŽä»£è©è¨å½¢ä½“造型的新风尚。äh物造型是汉化和å—å°åº¦ç¬ˆå¤šä½›é›•(GuptaåQ‰é£Žæ ¼åª„å“的产物。此ž®Šé€ åƒæ˜¯åŒ—齿—¶æœŸé¢˜æå’Œé›•刻巧妙¾l“åˆçš„典范ã€?lt;/span></p> <img alt="1" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="1e104bcf-b7ed-46ee-aaf9-0dcf1fd8d987" src="//res.yahzi.cn/images/inline/e/d4175a0c68a46151.jpg?x-oss-process=style/zhengwentupianzhai" class="align-center" /><p><span>ç«‹ä½›åƒï¼ŒåŒ—é½åQŒå¤§ç†çŸ³</span></p> <p><span>20世纪50òq´ä»£åœ¨æ²³åŒ—çœæ›²é˜³åŽ¿ä¿®å¾·å¯ºå‘æŽ˜å‡ÞZ¸¤åƒä½™ž®ŠçŸ³é€ åƒåQŒå…¶ä¸­å¤šæœ‰åŒ—é½å’Œéš‹æœçš„çºªòq´é€ åƒã€‚曲阻I¼ˆå¤å±žå®šå·žåQ‰ä¸€å¸¦ç››äº§å¤§ç†çŸ³åQŒåœ¨6世纪时已是佛åƒåˆ¶ä½œä¸­å¿ƒä¹‹ä¸€åQŒè‡³ä»Šä»æœ‰â€œé›•åˆÖM¹‹ä¹¡â€çš„¿U°è°“ã€‚é¦†è—æ€ç»´å¼¥å‹’åƒå’Œç«‹ä½›åƒï¼Œä»Žæè´¨å’Œé£Žæ ¼æ¥çœ‹åQŒåº”å½’å±žäºŽåŒæ—¶ä»£çš„当åœîC½œå“。立佛åƒíw«èº¯è™½ç„¶ä»è¾ƒæ‰åã^åQŒä½†æ€ÖM½“轮廓¾U¿åœ†æ¶¦ï¼Œè…šwƒ¨å¾®å‘å‰å‡¸èµøP¼Œå¢žæ·»äº†è§†è§‰ä¸Šçš„体¿U¯æ„Ÿã€‚ä½›ç€é€šè‚©è¢ˆè£ŸåQŒè¡£è–„脓体,U形衣¾U¹ç”¨åŒé’©é˜´çº¿åQŒåã^行下垂的间è·é€’å‡åQŒå¯Œæœ‰èЂ奿„ŸåQŒäØ“åŒç±»ä½œå“所¾|•è§ã€‚佛左手施与愿å°åQŒå³æ‰‹æ–½æ— ç•åŽÍ¼Œæœ‰æ¾ƒæ¶¡å‘型,高肉髻,脸åŞ方圆åQŒé¢å®¹äº²åˆ‡ï¼Œæ˜¯åŒ—é½ä½›åƒçš„¾_‘Ö“ã€?lt;/span></p> <img alt="1" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="3f70bf2b-71f6-4429-899b-4128b838e857" src="//res.yahzi.cn/images/inline/e/40cc6fbed51c5641.jpg?x-oss-process=style/zhengwentupianzhai" class="align-center" /><p><span>弥勒佛åƒåQŒå”代,¾U¦å…¬å…?00òqß_¼ŒçŸ³ç°å²?lt;/span></p> <p><span>从北é½å¼€å§‹ï¼Œä¸­å›½çŸ³é›•佛僭‘‹å‘肢体ã€è¡£é¥°è´¨æ„Ÿçš„¾l†èŠ‚åˆÈ”»ã€‚至8世纪的å”代,佛åƒé€ åž‹­‘Šæ˜¾è‡ªç„¶å†™å®žåQŒé›•åˆÀLŠ€æ³•ç²¾æ¹›ï¼Œä»Žè€ŒåÅžæˆä¸­å›½å¼ä½›åƒçš„æ¨¡å¼ã€‚馆è—的两尊弥勒佛堪¿U°åˆå”时期的佳作。未æ¥ä½›å¼¥å‹’在åÅžæ€å¡‘造上与释˜q¦ä½›å‡ ä¹Žæ— å¼‚åQŒä¸åŒä¹‹å¤„在于å×I勒佛的å姿和手势。å×I勒佛䏿˜¯ç›˜è…¿¾l“è·­‘ºå而是倚ååQŒå³åŒè„šä¸‹åž‚ít©èŽ²èŠ±ã€‚å…¶æ‰‹åŠ¿åŸºæœ¬ä¸Šæœ‰ä¸¤ç§åQšä¸€¿UåŒäº¤è„šå¼¥å‹’è©è¨çš„æ‰‹åŠ¿ï¼Œå·¦æ‰‹æ¡è¡£è§’,按左è†ï¼ŒåÏx‰‹ä½œæ— ç•或说法åŽÍ¼›å¦ä¸€¿U是一手心å‘下按è†åQŒä¸€æ‰‹ä½œæ— ç•或说法å°ã€‚这两尊弥勒佛方é¢å¹¿é¢ï¼Œè„”R¢Šä¸°æ»¡åQŒè¡£è£Ÿé€ä½“åQŒè¡£¾U¹åˆ»ç”È”ŸåЍæµç•…。整体造型严整自然åQŒç¥žæ€æ˜¾å¾—åã^易安详ã€?lt;/span></p> <img alt="1" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="49d01d48-f61b-4688-bf43-4e11f897a060" src="//res.yahzi.cn/images/inline/e/318180ad417a33bc.jpg?x-oss-process=style/zhengwentupianzhai" class="align-center" /><p><span>佛头åƒï¼Œé¾™é—¨çŸ³çªŸåQŒå”代,¾U¦å…¬å…?00-750òqß_¼ŒçŸ³ç°å²?lt;/span></p> <p><span>æ²›_—龙门石窟的擂鼓å°ä¸‰æ´žå»ÞZºŽæ­¦å‘¨å’Œç››å”时期。馆è—的佛头åƒåŽŸå±žå…¶ä¸€‹zžçªŸä¸­çš„大佛。佛有澃涡å‘型,高肉髻,脸庞圆润饱满åQŒçœ¼å‘ˆä¿¯è§†ä¹‹æ€ï¼Œçœ¼ç‘å¾®åˆåQŒçœ¼ç ç‚¹é»‘彩åQŒç¥žæ€è‡ªä¿¡æ²‰ç€ã€‚æ ¹æ®å¤´åƒçš„¼‹•大ž®ºå¯¸å¯çŸ¥åŽŸå¤§ä½›åº”é«˜é«˜åœ¨ä¸Šã€‚ç”±æ­¤ï¼Œè‹¥ä»Žä»°è§†çš„è§’åº¦å†çœ‹è¿™ž®Šå¤´åƒï¼Œä½›çš„定w¢œž®±å˜å¾—更温和亲切åQŒå®žå¯äؓ原设计之本æ„。独特的创æ„和纯熟的雕刻技法,是盛å”造åƒå¾—以具备高度写实性和表现性的原因ã€?lt;/span></p> <p><strong>è©è¨å’Œç½—汉åƒ</strong></p> <p><span>è©è¨å’Œç½—汉分别是大乘和å°ä¹˜ä½›æ•™å¾’在修行æˆä½›å‰èƒ½å–得的最高戞®±ã€‚对è©è¨¾|—æ±‰çš„ä¾›å¥‰åæ˜ äº†ä½›æ•™ä¿¡äԒ的世俗化。è©è¨ã€ç½—汉åƒåŒ™Š¸èŠæ€¼—生的写照åQŒåŞ象ã€ç¥žæ€å¾€å¾€ä¹Ÿå°±çœŸå®žç”ŸåЍåQŒæ›´å¯Œäh情味ã€?lt;/span></p> <img alt="1" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="aac87738-6812-4b18-b35f-7695710f8978" src="//res.yahzi.cn/images/inline/e/f27800e8d7eeb162.jpg?x-oss-process=style/zhengwentupianzhai" class="align-center" /><p><span>大势臌™©è¨å¤´åƒï¼Œå“å ‚å±ÞqŸ³½HŸï¼ŒåŒ—é½åQŒçŸ³ç°å²©</span></p> <p><span>大势è‡Ïx˜¯è¥¿æ–¹æžä¹ä¸–界阿å×I陀佛的匙ƒä¾è©è¨ï¼Œå’Œå·¦èƒä¾è§‚音è©è¨åŠé˜¿å¼¥é™€ä½›ï¼Œåˆç§°â€œè¥¿æ–¹ä¸‰åœ£â€ã€‚大势至的åŞ象,多是头戴å®å† åQŒå† ä¸­æœ‰å®ç“¶ã€‚馆è—的北é½å¤§åŠ¿è‡Œ™©è¨è„¸åž‹åœ†æ¶¦ï¼Œä¸°å”‡æ»¡é¢Šã€‚大拱åŞ弯眉之下是细长的åŒçœ¼åQŒç”¨¾l†çº¿å‹‘Ö‡ºåŒå±‚上眼ç‘,抿嘴è½È¬‘åQŒåˆåˆÀL„雕出丰实的下巴。这些独特的造型和技法与沛_Œ—çœå“å ‚å±±çŸ³çªŸçš„åŒæ—¶ä»£é€ åƒå®Œå…¨ç›¸åŒåQŒåº”是原属于该窟的造åƒã€‚头åƒç¥žæ€è‡ªä¿¡æ€¡ç„¶åQŒåˆ¶ä½œç›¸å½“ç²¾¾ŸŽï¼Œæ˜¯åŒ—é½çŸ³é›•åƒä¸­çš„ä½ég½¼è€…ã€?lt;img alt="1" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="cc3dd09f-00a1-456c-9437-4d1f26cde464" src="//res.yahzi.cn/images/inline/e/a3fd594c81eac22b.jpg?x-oss-process=style/zhengwentupianzhai" /></span></p> <p><span>大势臌™©è¨ç«‹åƒï¼Œè¾½ä»£åQŒå¤§ç†çŸ³</span></p> <p><span>è©è¨é€ åƒåœ¨å…¥å”以åŽè¡¨çŽ°å¾—æ›´åŠ ä¸°å¯Œå’Œä¸–ä¿—åŒ–ã€‚ç»†è…°æ–œíw¯Så½¢åŞ体已æˆä¸»‹¹ï¼Œä½“æ€æµ‘圆,衣装璎瞾JåŽåQŒé€ åž‹æ‰‹æ³•æˆäØ“åŽä¸–历代的楷模。馆è—的辽代大势臌™©è¨åšg¾l­äº†å”代风格åQŒä½†åˆä¸å¤±å¥‘丹ähç‰ÒŽœ‰çš„审¾ŸŽæƒ…­‘£ã€‚大势至脸åŞ饱满丰圆åQŒåŽšé¢ˆé˜”èƒ¸ï¼Œæœ‰åŒ—æ–ÒŽ°‘æ—雄å¥ç²—犷之风。衣ç€è´´ä½“åQŒè¡£¾U¹åŽä¸½ï¼Œé•¿å¸”å¸›ä»Žå·¦è‚©åž‚ä¸‹è¢«å³æ‰‹æ‹‰ä½ï¼Œåœ¨è…¿å‰æž„æˆä¸€é“å¼§¾U¿ï¼Œä¸ºé›•åƒå¢žæ·ÖMº†ä¸€ä»½åˆšæŸ”相‹¹Žä¹‹¾ŸŽã€‚è©è¨æˆ´å®ç“¶å† ï¼Œä¸¤è¾¹ä¸‹åž‚的宾~¯å‘ˆ½I¿ç å¼ï¼Œä¼égؓ契丹ç‰ÒŽœ‰è£…饰。其çŸÏx¦´å½¢å¤´å…‰ä¸ŽåŒ—é½å¤§åŠ¿è‡›_®å† ä¸Šçš„图案一è‡ß_¼Œå¯è§ä½›æ•™é¢˜æåŸºæœ¬½E‹å¼çš„一脉相æ‰Ñ€?lt;/span></p> <img alt="1" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="0797c263-6a1d-4106-88b1-a029c809a5b5" src="//res.yahzi.cn/images/inline/e/b6625c702077f64d.jpg?x-oss-process=style/zhengwentupianzhai" class="align-center" /><p><span>¾|—汉立åƒåQŒé‡‘代,公元1108òqß_¼Œå¤§ç†çŸ?lt;/span></p> <p><span>ä½›å²ä¸Šæœ‰åå…­ã€å八或五百¾|—汉之说åQŒä»–们也是跟éšé‡Š˜q¦ç‰Ÿž®¼å¬æ³•ä¼ é“的众弟å­ï¼Œæ‰€ä»¥ï¼Œ¾|—汉造åƒå¤šäؓ世俗和尚们言行ä‹D止的写照。馆è—的金代¾|—汉åƒåœ¨ç›¸è²Œå’ŒåÅžä½“ä¸Šæ˜¯ä¸€ä½æƒŸå¦™æƒŸè‚–的胡僧。罗汉内½I¿åƒ§¼œ‡æ”¯åQŒå¤–¾|©è¢ˆè£Ÿï¼Œè¡£è£…的层‹Æ¡ç»“构刻ç”Õd¾—¾l†è‡´åˆ†æ˜Žã€‚衣质轻薄,é€å‡ºç˜¦å‰Šçš„体æ û|¼Œèƒ”Rƒ¨½H出的肋骨清晰å¯è§ã€‚è¡£¾U¹çš„æ›²ç›´è½¬æŠ˜æ—¢å†™å®žåˆå¯Œè£…饰性,å‰é¢çš„一¾l„åã^行弧¾U¿ç”±ä¸Šè‡³ä¸‹é€’增åQŒå¯Œæœ‰èЂ奿„ŸåQŒå’Œåž‚ç›´çš„åŞ体构æˆå’Œè°å¯¹æ¯”。罗汉的头颅呈圆锥åŞ高耸,象å¾å·²å¾—ž®½æ™ºã€‚脸相清癯,高éËEåQŒæ·±ç›®ï¼Œé¢§éª¨å‡¸å‡ºåQŒå·æ›²çš„眉毛ã€èƒ¡™åÀL ©æ ©å¦‚生。罗汉微微侧å¤ß_¼Œä¼ég¹Žæ­£åœ¨¼œžæƒ…专注地è†å¬ç€ä»€ä¹ˆã€‚造型设计抓佘q™ç§ä¸€åˆšw‚£çš„动感,¾l™æœ¬æ¥é™æ€çš„ç«‹åƒå¢žæ·»äº†è®¸å¤šç”Ÿæ°”。罗汉åƒçš„背é¢ä¹Ÿæœ‰å†™å®žçš„形体和衣¾UÒŽ¾l˜ï¼ŒåÕdˆæ­¤åƒä¸ÞZ¸‰¾l´ç©ºé—´ä¹‹ä½œçš„创æ„。这ž®ŠçŸ³åƒï¼Œé›•å·¥¾U¯ç†Ÿ¾_¾æ¹›åQŒäh物åÅž¼œžçš†å¤‡ï¼Œå®žäؓ宋金时代中国¾|—汉åƒçš„代表作ã€?lt;/span></p> <p><span>åQˆä½œè€…陈‹zäØ“ä¸­å›½è‰ºæœ¯å²ç‹¬ç«‹å­¦è€…,许æ°ä¸ºç¾Žå›½æ—§é‡‘山亚洲艺术åšç‰©é¦†é¦†é•Ñ€‚åŽŸé¢˜äØ“ã€Šç¾Žå›½æ—§é‡‘å±±äºšæ´²è‰ºæœ¯åšç‰©é¦†çŸ³åˆÖM½›æ•™é€ åƒé€‰çÑa》,原å‘表于《美æˆåœ¨ä¹…ã€?014òq?月期。)</span></p> <p> </p><div><div>ž®é¢</div> <a href="//yahzi.cn/xunbao/xb20180324-119.html"><img src="//res.yahzi.cn/images/2018-03/15/f27800e8d7eeb162.jpg" width="600" height="872" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" /></a> </div><drupal-render-placeholder callback="flag.link_builder:build" arguments="0=node&1=119&2=xihuan" token="pzKjD8hMC4tkSPNbPWF2Odug_gkc9SOgNmlw-WJ9iz0"></drupal-render-placeholder><section></section><div class="bottom_wrapper"> <div class="entry_tags"> <span><i class="fa fa-tags"></i>标签</span> <a href="//yahzi.cn/tags141.html" hreflang="zh-hans">石佛åƒ?lt;/a> <a href="//yahzi.cn/tags130.html" hreflang="zh-hans">‹Æ£èµ</a> <a href="//yahzi.cn/tags97.html" hreflang="zh-hans">馆è—</a> </div> </div> Sat, 24 Mar 2018 03:36:50 +0000 曑ֺ†å³?/dc:creator> 119 at //yahzi.cn